Hahnemann's famous theory about the deep cause of chronic diseases.
Towards the end of his life, Hahnemann noticed that many chronic diseases returned even after subsiding temporarily. In 1828, in his book 'The Chronic Diseases', he put forward the idea that deep within such diseases work three fundamental tendencies, or 'miasms': psora, sycosis, and syphilis.
In classical teaching, psora is called the most fundamental miasm (linked with a history of itching skin eruptions), sycosis is linked with a tendency to overgrowth, and syphilis with a destructive tendency. This idea is still taught today as a context for remedy selection in chronic cases.
In fairness, it is good to know that there are differences of opinion among modern physicians as well regarding the interpretation of the miasm theory. The right path for a student is to read the original book and compare writings of different views side by side.